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    November 12

    “You Get What You Pay For”: How Much Is the News Worth to Us?


    In a recent Columbia Journalism Review editorial (“A Helping Hand: The case for (smart) government support of journalism
    ), the editors throw their support behind “some creative help from Uncle Sam” to sustain the kind of accountability journalism poised to vanish with the collapse of the omnibus newspapers. Advertisers who once paid inflated rates to reach consumers on a mass scale now have plenty of options, especially with the Internet, and news outlets no longer have the revenue to pay for the rigorous, investigative research that defines should define accountability journalism.

    While not in favor of a bailout, the CJR editors argue that government help would not necessarily “compromise editorial integrity and stifle innovation and competition.” They point out that government subsidizing of the press already exists and has since 1792, when legislation established below-cost mail rates for newspapers. They assert that government support in some form would be a better solution for saving journalism than creating paywalls or requiring paid memberships. The public certainly doesn’t seem receptive the idea of paywalls. A mediabistro.com poll that closed last night with 1,682 people participating showed 65% believing that paywalls would “be the beginning of the end” for newspapers, as people would turn instead to free news sources.

    Some people may understand the concept of “you get what you pay for,” but those aren’t the only people that professional journalists are trying to reach. Paywalls would further decrease readership levels among populations that need to be exposed to hard news the most: people who believe it’s not really worth their time (or money); people in the grips (and RSS feed) of dogmatic talking heads; people who spend their time following celebrity tweets on Twitter, etc.

     CRJ writers Leonard Downie Jr. and Michael Schudson in their October 19 article, “The Reconstruction of American Journalism,” argue that “more should be done—by journalists, nonprofit organizations and governments—to increase the accessibility and usefulness of public information collected by federal, state, and local governments, to facilitate the gathering and dissemination of public information by citizens, and to expand public recognition of the many sources of relevant reporting.” One idea they propose is for a portion of the yearly telephone surcharge (totaling more than $7 billion) that the Federal Communications Commission uses to underwrite telecom services for rural areas, schools and libraries to be directed into a “Fund for Local News” in support of grant-based local news reporting. Alternatively, fees could be imposed on other commercial communications providers—“fees paid by radio and television licensees, or proceeds from auctions of telecommunications spectrum, or new fees imposed on Internet service providers”—to support their proposed Fund for Local News.

    While even CRJ editors have used the term “radical” to describe this part of Downie and Schudson’s proposal, a radical solution might well be in order to retain capable, committed journalists in the demanding field of accountability journalism. We could, of course, continue relying on comedian Jon Stewart to break stories that force people (including media) to account for their actions, or we could actually invest in professional journalists who are trained to inform rather than to entertain. These journalists might have a passion for keeping organizations and agencies accountable through rigorous investigative reporting, but such passion can only reach so far. Before we see them lining the side of the street, holding up “Will Report for Food” cardboard placards, maybe we should ask ourselves how much the news is really worth to us.

    Angela Sucich, Freelance Writer, angelasucich.com




    November 05

    Writing Blog: Romanticized Job Postings and Their Candidates

    Freelance writers leave no rock unturned when looking for work, and while the search for contract jobs can get tedious, there is fun to be had in scanning the job postings, believe it or not. Case in point: online real estate company Redfin posted a cleverly-composed, albeit idealistic job ad for a writer/brand manager who they hope “can cut through all the baloney in online real estate to say something lively and real about our company, our industry and the whole home-buying process.” They may be asking for “lively and real,” but the ad unsurprisingly constructs an overly romantic portrait of the job itself, as well as a similarly-envisioned candidate. Do you think you might be the kind of literati-blogger they’re looking for? Check it out and see:

    About you:
    Live to write: like Proust in his cork-lined study.
    Fun: storyteller, mesmerist, exhilarator. Your words will be our brand.
    Perfectionist: "who" or "whom," "which" or "that"? You sweat the details.
    Deep Space 9: you're plugged in to Twitter, Facebook, blogs.
    Big-thinker: you see the shape of an idea in a red wheelbarrow and a bunch of chickens.
    Truth-teller: you'd never write something untrue just to avoid denting a word or phrase.

    About the job:

    Writing: every word that goes on our website goes through you – and then out to two million people. You'll also handle monthly newsletters, fun & thought-provoking blog posts, just-the-facts-ma'am press releases.
    Research: you dig into a bunch of numbers to understand what's really going on. You interview people in the field, chase down people in the office. Asking questions, sorting out contradictions, checking facts. Columbo. Woodward. Bernstein.
    Program management: you'll often be describing something before it exists, in more precise terms than anyone else at Redfin has hitherto attempted. This usually means you'll be part of the team defining our site and our service as we go.
    Story-telling: you cook up ideas that we can pitch to the press or develop for our own blog. One of the ways that Redfin asserts its relevance is by having something to say that nobody's ever heard before.
    Strategy: you'll work with a startup team of executives on how we build our brand, serve our customers and drive revenue.

    Other requirements:

    Strong academic record.
    Liberal arts degree: we want someone who not only writes clearly and precisely, but has some intellectual interests, and panache too.
    Entrepreneurial energy, creativity: in your interview, we'll ask you for three or four ideas on how our website could be better. Come prepared!

    Of course, you may be able to put that requisite liberal arts degree to use on the Redfin writer job, but be prepared to see your broad and deep knowledge frequently distilled to the point of sound bite or meme. True, such may be the experience of any commercial writer who plumbs everything from literature to politics to pop culture for the right word that will trigger recognition in readers’ minds and evoke a host of desired associations. For instance, Redfin’s “Columbo” reference personifies investigative rigor while throwing in a touch of understated street smarts to boot. “Proust in his cork-lined study” stands in for the purist's utter devotion to the arts—or maybe it refers to a Redfin employee’s utter devotion to the job. Who knows? But I’m afraid the image of a reclusive Proust also brings to mind a sense of isolationism that undermines the ad’s request two lines later for a social media expert. A Twittering and Facebook-befriending Proust? Clearly, Redfin wants a writer who can do it all—and so does every company out there looking for new hires.

    The job ad that Redfin posted recently is entertaining to read—just as entertaining as it was several months ago when I read it the first time. Apparently, Redfin is still looking for the perfect fit. It must be that all those fun, meticulous, plugged-in, big-thinking truth-tellers who live to write are hard to come by these days. But hey, I do know of several good, accomplished, hard-working writers, if anyone’s truly interested in “lively and real.”

     

    October 30

    Is New Media Making "Authors" of Us All?

    In a recent SEED Magazine article (“A Writing Revolution,” October 20, 2009) professors Denis Pelli and Charles Bigelow chart the increase of authorship since 1400. From their research, they extrapolate that “nearly universal authorship, like universal literacy before it, stands to reshape society by hastening the flow of information and making individuals more influential.” Surprisingly, their calculations assume the equal weight of books and blogs, literature and Twitter “tweets,” Facebook updates and . . . .the Bible.

    Pelli and Bigelow, professors of psychology and graphic arts, respectively, state their position in simple terms: “Nearly everyone reads. Soon, nearly everyone will publish.” They might be right—up to a point. But the important details that begin to fall out of their equation are apparent in the article’s next two sentences: “Before 1455, books were handwritten, and it took a scribe a year to produce a Bible. Today, it takes only a minute to send a tweet or update a blog.” Certainly, communication is more efficacious and a willing audience more accessible in a Web 2.0 world, but comparisons between medieval book production and postmodern Twittering, and between Bible transcription and blogging, point out crucial assumptions governing this article. There may be a vast range of skills involved in these very different kinds of writing, as well as diverse functions and purposes, but hey, apples and oranges are both fruit, right?

    From a New Historicist or Social Theorist or Functionalist perspective, then yes, any text is a Text. But the New Critic and writer in me insist that the differences between kinds of texts do matter. Even if we set aside Pelli and Bigelow’s not-quite perfect analogy between the development of reading and the development of writing (for example, the technical or artistic skill of writing in the Middle Ages did not necessarily correspond to the scribe’s ability to read), the assumptions that follow in the article reveal the glaring problem of effacing huge cultural and historical differences while arguing for a single, mono-logical, unilateral evolution of writing.

    Pelli and Bigelow write that authorship is growing exponentially, though their most impressive calculation includes new media:

    We found that the number of published authors per year increased nearly tenfold every century for six centuries. By 2000, there were 1 million book authors per year. One million authors is a lot, but they are only a tiny fraction, 0.01 percent, of the nearly 7 billion people on Earth. Since 1400, book authorship has grown nearly tenfold in each century. Currently, authorship, including books and new media, is growing nearly tenfold each year. That’s 100 times faster.

    The writers provide a chart that graphs the distinctions between “book authors,” “blog authors,” “Facebook authors” and “Twitter authors”; however, their conclusions about trends in publishing do not explore these distinctions but instead draw from a generalized concept of “authorship” that ignores the differences in publishing standards across industries, genres and audiences. True, the Internet has made it possible for virtually any user to become an author—if “author” simply meant posting online. But to be clear, one needs to contextualize these terms in a particular historical moment.

    In our current historical moment, Pelli and Bigelow are right to note how the rise of social media has increased users’ role not only in providing content but also influencing their communities. The comments and criticisms that users post on Twitter and Facebook often result in real-world changes, proving how “public discussion creates a social conscience.”This is certainly a great observation about the social function of new media, but the article does not address the question of literary merit or publishing standards that haven’t clearly translated into online publishing (not to mention sub-140-character “tweets”).

    In fact, Pelli and Bigelow distinguish “published” texts from unpublished ones neither by specific industry standards nor by rigorous review by peers, but rather by number of views. They write:

    In our analysis, we considered an author’s text “published” if 100 or more people read it. (Reaching 100 people may seem inconsequential, but new-media messages are often re-broadcast by recipients, and then by their recipients, and so on. In this way, a message can “go viral,” reaching millions.) Extrapolation of the Twitter-author curve (the dashed line) predicts that every person will publish in 2013. That is the ceiling: 100 percent participation. Provided current growth continues, the prediction of imminence is robust. Increasing the stringency of the criterion for “publishing” from 100 to 1,000 readers would reduce new-media authorship tenfold, but merely delays the predicted 100 percent participation by a year under this model.

    Equating publishing with viral messaging requires further critical thought, I think, as does Pelli and Bigelow’s comparison between the rise of literacy over the ages and the more recent rise of (self-)publishing. Their analogy points out a sociological change in behavior—people have more tools at their disposal and more “practical” or “functional” literacy with which to use these tools, and thus may feel a greater sense of agency. But these abstractions fail to emphasize the vast range of types of readers that exist in the world, or the range of types of publishing. Just as the definition of literacy has changed over time and across cultural contexts—in the 19th century United States, for example, the ability to sign one's own name on a land deed or bank check or complete one's signature in a registry book for voting purposes, was a mark of literacy—so has the concept of publishing.

    I’m not arguing here for an elitist notion of “author” that ventures into arguments about standards of art as a matter of cultured “taste”; I’m arguing for contexts that differentiate between kinds of writing based on function. Twittering to communicate news, excitement or outrage is not the same type of publishing—even if it is also presented to the public—than a personal blog that one’s Facebook friends read. Even as new media is changing the way we read, write and publish by introducing new genres, writing conventions and reader/viewer expectations, differences in genres, conventions and expectations do remain. A blog is a different kind of publication than a self-published e-book; an e-book is different than an e-journal publication; and so on. These important details should enter into one’s methodology when researching trends in authorship.

    If we eliminate all distinctions about what it means to be published—and with what standards—what we are left to conclude is that people are communicating more online. But to call it “authorship” forecloses the discussion of what it means to be an author. That kind of “universal authorship” is not something to celebrate.

     

    August 21

    Reading Over Your Shoulder: Airport Security is Watching You Write

    Writers for hire may be accustomed to producing work on demand, but how might they feel about sharing their scribbling first drafts with clients? Better yet, imagine having your raw words projected on a screen behind you as you tap away at your laptop computer. That’s just what author Alain de Bottom is doing at London’s Heathrow Airport. As reported in a New York Times article (“Waiting at Heathrow, the Literary Experience,” August 18, 2009), the promotional stunt by Heathrow’s PR agency has de Bottom serving for one week as the airport’s first “writer in residence.” During this time, the author of “The Art of Travel” will interview passengers and airline employees and compose vignettes toward a short book, “A Week at the Airport: A Heathrow Diary.” As he writes, his words may appear in front of the very eyes of those same passengers and employees.

     

    Now, I’m as curious about the writing process as the next person—probably more. I’m glad to know, for example, that Shakespeare and Wordsworth revised their respective works. I’m happy to know that these and other literary geniuses saw fit to improve upon lines that didn’t succeed the first time they penned them. But I’m not sure I would want my own false starts projected for every eye to see—which is what the intrepid de Bottom is willingly risking. That’s some pressure to produce. But even for writers who have little fear of criticism (I haven’t met any of these people myself), some privacy of reflection is necessary for writing. Writing is indeed a process, but it’s one of discovery and epiphany as well as of crafting. If all writers had their words projected onto a big screen during the composition process, readers would be hard pressed to follow the jumble of thoughts that the writers themselves were trying to sort out. It might be interesting to readers for the briefest moment—like rubbernecking at the scene of a crime or an accident, where people are trying to figure out what just happened—but it sure wouldn’t be pretty.

     

    More importantly, while it is true that writers are used to exposure, to having their work laid out before the reading public (it’s their job, after all), there is a benefit to having one’s methods remain private. It is freeing to be able to secretly write down crazy ideas and awful, clichéd descriptions, if only to get the process started. And it is also often wise to not subject readers to this early, experimental stage of composition. And at a time when there is so much information too easily projected on the web without censor, I think it’s good that some things remain a mystery.




    July 29

    There’s No Such Thing As a Free Internet

    Don’t just give away content, all you citizen journalists! I’m not talking about personal blogs; I’m talking about online creative content buyers who offer $5-10 per 500-word article. All your scribbling—even quality scribbling—waters down the nectar that feeds us all when you give it away nearly for free.

     

    It may seem like the Internet is the place for free content. But it’s a myth that everyone from media chiefs to lowly copywriters in the trenches want dispelled. In a recent article on Bloomberg.com (Diller Calls Free Web Content a ‘Myth, Joins Refrain), Barry Diller, CEO of IAC/InterActiveCorp, is quoted as dismissing free web content as a “mythology”:

     

    “It is not free, and is not going to be.”

    His words may seem like the antithesis of Internet communications, especially in the wake of Web 2.0 user-generated content, but Diller should know how to make new media pay. The chairman and CEO of IAC, a company that operates Internet businesses including Ask.com and Match.com (and also chairman of Expedia, Inc. and Ticketmaster Entertainment Inc. made his assessment of the current state of Internet content at the Fortune Brainstorm conference held July 22-24 in Pasadena, California. He was joined by other media chiefs like Walt Disney Co. CEO Robert Iger, who was quoted as saying:

    “We have ample evidence both in traditional and new media that people are willing to pay for quality, to pay for choice and to pay for convenience.”

    Internet users certainly look for resources to navigate and filter the deluge of content uploaded every minute of every day. People may be used to the illusion of a “free” Internet—I was one of those—but it’s time to recognize that we’re already paying for it. From the ubiquity of encroaching, user-tracking ads on your webpage, to the teasing “upgrade” buttons on “free content” new media sites that promise more access with paid subscriptions, the Internet reminds us that the adage that “nothing is free” is true.

    But when highly popular social media companies like Facebook.com are still trying to figure out a viable revenue stream, it’s hard to believe that businesses are willing to risk alienating users accustomed to their “free” service who have already flocked to their sites. (The surreptitious permitting of advertisers on Facebook to exploit subscribers’ identities among their Facebook friends for commercial gain certainly didn’t win them any more fans.)

    But what stuck with me most about the Bloomberg.com article was Iger’s subsequent comment:

    “And [people] are willing to pay for what they perceive as value.”

    Really? I hope so. And when users start paying more for their content, I hope that revenue stream trickles down to content writers. Let’s wait for it—and not sell our writing off cheaply, just because the supply of content created by Web 2.0 has temporarily skewed the perception of the demand for quality writing.

    July 22

    Making a Spectacle of Yourself

    Yesterday evening some friends and I rode our bikes to Warren G. Magnuson Park to attend Cycle Fest, a local celebration of all things bike. This was a social event rather than an opportunity to network (I often do freelance work for the bike industry), because it’s always nice to touch base with your local community. The big events included a kid’s bike parade, sprint races, a screening of one segment of the Tour de France and an acrobatic performance by pro mountain bike stunt rider Ryan Leech of Norco bikes.

    As a media professional, I had to appreciate the crowd-pleasing work that Leech does. The youthful pro spoke on a headset microphone while balancing atop a tiny platform on the roof of a truck. Between breaths, he gave instructions while demonstrating “trials” riding: balancing on his bike while jumping up and over and across obstacles. We in the audience overheard his heavy breathing from his exertions on the loudspeaker, as well as the occasional worried comment about the challenge of leaping from one raised platform to another. Leech’s nervous-sounding observation—“Well, that looks a little far from here, now that I look at it”—may have been designed to increase the crowd’s suspense before he successfully jumped the gap, but it seemed genuine to me at the time. I’d like to think he was just being his natural self in front of hundreds of people, and because he delivered on the promise of a spectacle, it didn’t matter that he wasn’t a brash, type-A, larger-than-life personality. His stage presence was self-effacing, but he was a real show stopper. During the finale, when he rode across a thin rail, jumped off and stuck the landing, his work spoke for itself.

    Of course, most vocations don’t rely on spectacle as much as a pro stunt rider’s career does, so it can be harder for some to stand out in a crowd. If you don't happen to be a stunt rider, and you're not an A-type personality, there are strategies for getting noticed (from low-pressure meet-and-greets to social media tools to—ahem—blogging). But making sure you show up to social and work events is the first step in getting yourself out on that stage, and the more times that you stick the landing in the social interactions you have, in the contacts you make and in the work that you do, the more people will remember that you delivered. Who knows? People may even like your unassuming and down-to-earth demeanor.

    July 17

    Sure Sign of Successful Marketing: Practicing What You Preach

    Surfing around on Mediabistro.com the other day, I came across the posting “Wanted: ’Photogenic’ Interns?” in the MediaJobsDaily section, and the tabloid-y title spoke to the scandal-seeking, rubber-necker in me. Now, I have no interest in being an intern—and I’m not so egotistical to count myself as a ‘photogenic’ one—but I just had to click on the link. As it turns out, human capital marketing firm Starr Tincup out of Fort Worth, Texas, is looking for a marketing intern to do a range of tasks too numerous to actually list, hence the “tongue-in-cheek” listing:

    You will not be getting coffee. You will not be relegated to a hidden cubicle in a dark corner, with nothing to do but check your fantasy football team stats / surf MySpace (depending on your gender).

    See any of the actual jobs and take it down by about 25 percent. You'll be doing that ... and occasionally getting coffee—DAMMIT, did we already say you wouldn't be doing that?!?!?! Screw it—you better make a sweet caramel macchiato.

    You'll need thick skin and the ability to be told, "That sucks. Do it again!" 15 times a day without breaking down in tears. Seriously, we can't take it when people cry. We understand it's a perfectly normal human response to any number of situations, we've just been emotionally dead for so long it reminds us of what it was once like ... before she entered our lives ....

    If you aren't qualified for this position, you aren't qualified for much outside of the drive-thru at Taco Bell. But my cousin used to work there and he said it isn't bad money—if you're 16. Plus, who doesn't like free Gorditas?

    Above average intelligence never hurts. How would you know? Think back to grade school—ever been in a gifted and talented program? No? Well ... this is awkward ....

    ·         And it'd be nice if you were an M.B.A. student. It really helps the non-M.B.A. account managers and directors with their ego issues.

    ·         You'll also need an idea of what you want to learn ... or not. Maybe you want to be a jack-of-all-trades and master-of-none. Who are we to judge? Speaking of judging, one final caveat: you need to be photogenic. Take that how you will, we're just putting it out there. Still interested? Send an email compiling your education, work history and personal information (some would call that a résumé, but such proletarian thinking is snuffed out with haste around here) to careers@starrtincup.com. If it doesn't suck completely we'll be in touch.

    (You can also view the listing on Mediabistro.com here).

    I think brilliance lies in the company’s creation of a piece of writing (which the job listing constitutes) that attracts and engages viewers (not just internship-seekers), conveys a fun and distinctive personality and makes people want to find out more about this company. Too often, the same companies that say they are seeking to hire creative people with personality also present lackluster job descriptions that make one’s eyes glaze over. For a moment after reading Starr Tincup’s listing, I almost wanted to be a marketing intern just to work for people sassy enough to write this.

    So, got your résumé education, work history and personal information ready? I do;)

    ###

     


    April 19

    Ancient writing inspiration

    Take a lesson from an ancient Egyptian teacher who inspires his students to love writing and the life of the scribe: "Befriend the scroll, the palette. It pleases more than wine..." (from the Papyrus Lansing, an Egyptian schoolbook).
     
    I've been trying to love the life of the scribe, and each time I've completed an editorial orcopywriting project during the last few months, I've felt a rush of excitement and pleased contentment (although I wouldn't go so far as to say that I've felt intoxicated by the work). Finding work, meeting deadlines and juggling multiple projects at once makes me feel industrious and successful in my livelihood. The flip side is that I've also found myself being totally consumed by my writing. While it may be great to throw oneself wholeheartedly into one's work, maintaining momentum at the expense of proficiency is a little like "tunnel vision" (there's my gratuitous wine/intoxication metaphor again). My current goal is to take time away from writing--just an hour or two a day--to get out in the world and be filled with new inspiration that I can bring back to my work for increased productivity.
     
    Of course, the ancient world had their own severe kind of inspiration or motivation, if that same Egyptian teacher's exhortation to his pupils offers any evidence. Elsewhere he admonishes his student, "Your heart is denser than an obelisk...though I beat you with every kind of stick, you do not listen...Though I spend the day telling you 'Write,' it seems like a plague to you. Writing is very pleasant!"
     
    Yes, it can be pleasant, but not when someone--including oneself--is having to convince you of that fact. There may be times when deadlines force me to stay chained to my computer for hours on end, which is fine, but from now on I'm going to be conscious of whether those chains are actually attached. I wouldn't want them to weight down the writing I could be producing if I took time to go for a walk and allow the spring air to fill me with new life and give me a new reason to see that writing is, indeed, "very pleasant."
    December 12

    Humor helps

    Paul Greenberg's essay, "Bail Out the Writers!" (NY Times Sunday Book Review, December 9, 2008), brings a measure of humor as well as horror to those in the business of writing. In his essay, Greenberg jokes about (and laments) the overabundance of scribblers in the writing industry, and to address this problem he proposes a federally-financed bail-out of writers to support them in their search for a new line of work. I'm sure most of us would love to see other writers retire from the biz so we could get more work. But the truth is, many of the writers clogging the lines to publishers are not professional writers looking to support themselves. They are bloggers and hobbyists who already have day jobs and who may or may not be great writers, but who love to write. And that is who professional writers are competing with: everyone. Good luck to us. Still, persistence and having a sense of humor matters. Greenberg concludes his essay by quoting Graham Greene's prediction for prospective writers, and it's worth repeating here: "Are you prepared for the years of effort, ‘the long defeat of doing nothing well’? As the years pass writing will not become any easier, the daily effort will grow harder to endure, those ‘powers of observation’ will become enfeebled; you will be judged, when you reach your 40s, by performance and not by promise."  Given the numbers of people who still choose to write, I am surprisingly uplifted by this quote.

    December 08

    Writing inspiration of the day

    "The fate of a writer is strange. He begins his career by being a baroque writer, pompously baroque, and after many years, he might attain if the stars are favorable, not simplicity, which is nothing, but rather a modest and secret complexity." Last night I lingered over this description by Jorge Luis Borges in the Prologue to his collection titled The Self and the Other. In reading this statement on the fate of the writer, I thought about how commercial writers may aspire to Borges' "modest and secret complexity" in their own way. Copywriters and ad writers may not be poets, but they, too, work their magic with words, endeavoring to express complex concepts in a manner that feels effortless. Good writing is, in this sense, modest. Efficient. But in an age of Web 2.0, blogging and e-commerce, simplicity (k.i.s.s.) and "plain English" should not be the only guiding stars. Writers should not forget about the "secret complexity" that is the creative component of commercial writing. The descriptive phrase or the sparingly-used metaphor can be the modest poetry of copywriters.